Assignment 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 26

1 - Assignment Example There has to be accurate harmonization between jobs as well as vertical smooth communication amongst job levels in order to obtain inter-functional coordination. The meaning of this is that the management of an organization must be used to gaps of employment such as shortages, surplus, or even deficiencies in between levels of jobs as well as job categories. (Zeiger, 2014) For this to be achieved there is the requirement for knowledge of, as well as control over the workforce elements as well as their individual connections. If decisions are to be made in the absence of such inter- connections linked between job levels as well as job categories, the outcome will be a labor force which is disgustingly out of balance in terms of moreover a qualitative sense or a quantitative sense. The decisions that are made for the adjustment of gaps of employment are dependent on, together the external sources of employment as well as the internal sources of employment. For instance, if decisions are poorly conceived, the outcome could be the impossibility of promoting from within caused by understaffing. Another reason for this could be absence of employee training at certain job levels or in certain job categories (Zeiger, 2014). The lack of ability to promote from the inside is a clear implication of additional expenditure for the firm caused by requirement of external recruitment as well as the lack of progression for the employees in the organization. Decisions on job categories and levels are critical to the conduct as well as results of the HRP since they are a way to achieve the goals o the organization. Their absence is likely to lead to a workforce that is imbalanced. In addition, they help cut costs of the organization through internal recruitment and create employee

Toyota Material Handling Australia Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Toyota Material Handling Australia - Case Study Example Objective assessment techniques significantly improve a company's ability to make correct decisions and manage the risks involved. A case study on Toyota Material Handling Australia (TMHA) is the organisation in focus that implemented the mentioned best practice in recruitment, development and promotion. The company has benefited much from objective assessment approach. It has reduced recruitment time, reduced selection cost, cut the hire cycle time, and recruited higher quality staff. The level of employee satisfaction has improved and the cultural differences has been resolved; the credit goes to the systematic and structured integration strategy that the company has planned and effectively implemented. Toyota Material Handling Australia (TMHA) is a major supplier of the widest range of forklifts and electric warehouse products in the region. The Toyota brand has gained market leadership since 1987. In 2005, TMHA was formed from the integration of BT Industries which was acquired in 2000. Today, the Australian operations represent approximately $300 million in turnover with over 690 staff across the country. The integration of BT Industries became a great challenge for the company. The merging of the sales team of both Toyota and BT developed into an obstacle for the organisation due to the difference in products and cultures of the two companies. BT industries sold battery-electric warehouse equipments while Toyota was in the business of engine powered trucks. The sales methodologies of both companies were different. BT was a new player to the market in Australia while Toyota has been a key player for over 40 years. The sales culture of Toyota has been tried and tested. It has withstood obstacles in order to consistently achieve market leadership. It is the core competence of Toyota which the management aimed at integrating in the new organisation. In order to address the issue on culture clash and improve the performance of the newly merged sales teams, TMHA employed the services of an external training and development provider, strategically branded as Objective Assessment Pty Ltd. The service provider performed diagnostic analysis on the capability and growth potential of the sales management. They then assisted in the development of the stability of the sale teams. TMHA together with Objective Assessment implemented sales recruitment and assessment strategies. As a result of the new sales recruitment and assessment process, TMHA has discovered great assets from within the company and come across new yet stronger sales recruits and talents. Consequently, the new process benefited the company through saving time in selection and providing stability in their sale teams. Furthermore, TMHA has overcome their cultural dilemmas and improved the team's performance. Discussion The fundamental role of strategic human resource management is about matching human resources to the strategic and operational needs of the organisation and ensuring the full utilisation of these resources (Armstrong, 2006, p. 359). It is concerned with obtaining and keeping the number and quality of staff required as well as selecting and promoting people who fit the culture and the strategic requirements of the organisation. (Gunnigle & Moore, 1994, p. 65) Human resource strategy has come to play a vital role in enhancing an organisation's competitive advantage. Companies realise the importance of

Managing The Development Of Small Business Ventures

Managing The Development Of Small Business Ventures Nowadays, businesses are growing day by day. But inflation is becoming challenges in front of small and large types of businesses like there are many countries which are facing this problem. There are lots of countries which are increasing the price of their products day by day because of inflation. Inflation: There are negative and positive effects of inflation on small and large type of businesses. Some of businesses want to earn more money that is why they grow the prices of their products and it is also a part of inflation like in New Zealand the burger king (BK) raised the price of a double cheeseburger from $1 to $1.19 and they removed one slice of cheese from double cheeseburger on its dollar menu (they now call it the BK dollar double) due to the inflation dilemma that business ventures are dealing within the current economic environment. Sometimes some restaurant changes their prices on bases on national pay rate of labour like last year the pay rate of labour or minimum pay rate was $13.75. But now government has changed it from $13.75 to $14.25 and that is why BK’S costs are going up on the producer level because of higher commodity prices. Burger king (BK) cut the quantity and raise the price and they launched this burger with new name because they want to attract more a nd more customers and also want to earn more money by giving it new name like double cheeseburger to BK dollar burger. On the other hand, BK also have another reason to raise the price like in a healthy economy, BK would have simply raised the price of the burger. However with demand weak, BK is forced to cut its offering by giving its customers only 1 instead of 2 slices of cheese if they order from the dollar menu. Interest rate: An interest rate is the rate at which interest is paid by a borrower (debtor) for the use of money that they borrow from lender (creditor) like banks. Specifically, the interest rate is a percentage of principal paid a certain no. of times per period for example a company borrow a big/small amount of money/capital from bank to buy new assets for their businesses. There are some conditions are apply on loan like if any company borrow small amount of capital then they have to pay high interest rate on that money and there are less chances to expand the business as well. The chances of profit will goes down like Sak Strand bag Company. This company is a highly successful wholesaler of handbags since 1989. The company’s forte is fabricating high-quality handbags from distinctive, richly textured textiles. In 1999, after 10 very successful years in the handbags business, SS decided it was time to expand their products line. They expanded their products lines such as footwear, belts and jewellery. Mr. Falucci, CEO of this company played spin the wheel of growth and considered getting additional loan from the ANZID bank, the same bank who provided them the company its capital during its first year of operation. After getting loan they have to burden the interest rate of 10% of the amount loaned per month. Unemployment: Unemployment occurs when people are without work. There are positive and negative effects of unemployment like if people are unemployed then there are lot of negative effects. The profits will goes down because of unemployment in a business and the sales become less. Unemployment has negative effects on tax system like the tax will goes to high because of unemployment. On the other hand, due to unemployment there cheaper labour will be available and we can find more and more people who has good qualification or not for work. Maxx started the big business around of 85 restaurants in Sweden, compared to 40 jut five years earlier. From 2005 to 2010, max expanded extensively to the western parts of Sweden. Plans have been announced to expand to New Zealand in 2013/14. In their research of New Zealand employment market, the following information was gathered.in January 2011 OECD figured reported youth unemployment in New Zealand at 19.4% the highest since the early 1990s and above the OCED average. The youth unemployment rate reported in September 2010 by the household labour force survey (HLFZ) was 16.2%, two and half times higher than the rate for all people. Young men and women have been disproportionately affected by the recession. Indeed youth unemployment has increased significantly since 2008 and is two and a half times more than adult rate. After getting this report, the New Zealand government provided the job assistance to the unemployed people and also organised the many programs by which they could start their own businesses means the government provided the knowledge to the people about the small and large type of business and how they can start these businesses. Investment spending: Money spent on capital goods used in production of capital, goods or services. Investment spending may include purchase such as machinery, land, production input or infrastructure. Investment spending should not be confused with investment means we have to have whole knowledge about that thing where we are going to spend our investment or money. In this condition we have to spend our money on right place or on right time. If we spend money on right place but the time is not perfect to spend money on business like high labour cost, high interest rate, high transport cost and so on at that time. In these conditions our company will goes to in loss before staring a whole business. Like a 31-year-old Chinese started a restaurant in Auckland, a business born of true opportunity. In, 2004 the team cobbled together $100000 in investment money and additional $500000 for investment spending and started a new company, Salvador’s kiwi food and beverage Ltd. This allowed them to open a co ffee house in central Auckland. After several hard times, the business started. After few years from start-up the business has been wonderfully successful. They invested their money at right time or at right place that’s why they got success and they also did hard work as team. Business confidence: In this, any person can start his own new business with fully confident. It means he has whole information about his business what he wants to do. Sometimes people feel very uncomfortable to start a new business with confidence because of lack of knowledge and confidence. Experience about business is important factor for business confidence like Boos and Goud used their experience at right time on a magazine prototype with $50000 capital from family and friends. They called the magazine Pink, to suggest that women can be both powerful and feminine. An ad recession time for under way and working women magazine had gone out of business in 2001, after 25 year run. When they launched the Pink magazine, there were not too much magazines because of recession. It was positive point for their business. They also used their experience like they started the meeting with big companies for their marketing and promotions and so on like coco-cola and Home Depot. With 300000 coaxed from advertisers over a one- year period, the first 98- page issue was produced in mid-2005. They earn $5 million in income from ads, conference, and syndication, they claim margin of 16%. They earn this large amount of money because they used their previous experience, time and they were fully confident. Share market: The share market is always depending on fluctuations of market prices or rates. When the company needs more money, they produce their shares in market. Sometimes the prices goes to high sometimes it goes to down because of fluctuation but when the prices of shares goes to very low then people (who bought the shares) complaint to the CEO of company about this. We have an example of share market fluctuation like JRV Company and it is NZ’s fastest growing company, the company has sustained a remarkable growth rate through a superior product, a very effective sales system and intensive marketing. The business selling construction supplies like cement, ceramic, tiles metal and structural beam and etc. these are coming from different companies in Europe. This franchise is still in its early stages in terms of market penetration, so the potential to grow revenues is enormous. Since the business is imported based, they monitor the flow of the share market. 1.5) (a) Increase in business: business confidence increase will increase the investment which will help to increase in the business. (b) Increase in jobs: due to the increase in business Pink will need more people which will increase the jobs in market. 1.6) sudden changes either up or down on the share market can affect the value of the New Zealand dollar on the international money market. If dollar will falls, import cost move which means importers have to cut margins or increase prices. 1.7) 1.7.1) Credit availability: lack of capital history may affect applications for capital investment expansions however a strong presentation highlighting the company’s rapid growth and success to date should go some way to offsetting that negative factor. 1.7.2) gross domestic product: wing zones target make is the highly mobile student sectors that traditionally service on fast food and have little consideration for long term financial matters and are not likely to be affected by GDP. All people have to eat even hard time so GDP factors may not have a major affection on wing zone. 1.7.3) national income: decreasing business profit and wages and salaries may cause reduced consumer spending in non- essential market sectors but generally food supplies and sales will maintained. 1.7.4 Money supply: reserve bank restriction on May supply may restrict or slow down the availability of funds for business expansion. 1.7.5 International trade: McDonald and burger king but they have an international business. They have their franchise almost in all country. Fast internet connection will develop their business and social media network that is best way to develop the business. 1.7.6 International Market Fluctuation International market fluctuation effect the stock market. They also affect a small business. 1.7.7Currency Fluctuation Fluctuation risk on the foreign Exchange their price will low and high they most effect on the small business. 1.7.8Balance of Payment Balance of payments accounts are an accounting record of all monetary transactions between a country and the rest of the world. These transactions include payments for the countrys exports and imports of goods, services, financial capital, and financial transfers Task 2 2.1 Disposable Income: -Disposable income is total personal income minus personal current taxes. In national accounts definitions, personal income, minus personal current taxes equals disposable personal income. They started a small business it is very hard to save amount because they need a best employers to work and best product goes to market and they also need a promotion like advertisement on TV, Newspaper, Magazines, Etc. 2.2 Population Trends: In population Trend How many people drink beers and how many people drink a wine in their life. Youth Generation not drink a wine 18-24 aged represent only 6% of wine consumed. But there is different choice in the market to buy a wine and beers choice available. 2.3 Building Permits: Building permit is a permit required in most jurisdictions for new construction, or adding on to pre-existing structures, and in some cases for major renovations. Generally, the new construction must be inspected during construction and after completion to ensure compliance with national, regional, and local building codes. Failure to obtain a permit can result in significant fines and penalties, and even demolition of unauthorized construction if it cannot be made to meet code. 1.7.6 International Market Fluctuation International market fluctuation effect the stock market. They also affect a small business. 1.7.7Currency Fluctuation Fluctuation risk on the foreign Exchange their price will low and high they most effect on the small business. 1.7.8Balance of Payment Balance of payments accounts are an accounting record of all monetary transactions between a country and the rest of the world. These transactions include payments for the countrys exports and imports of goods, services, financial capital, and financial transfers Task 2 2.1 Disposable Income: -Disposable income is total personal income minus personal current taxes. In national accounts definitions, personal income, minus personal current taxes equals disposable personal income. They started a small business it is very hard to save amount because they need a best employers to work and best product goes to market and they also need a promotion like advertisement on TV, Newspaper, Magazines, Etc. 2.2 Population Trends: In population Trend How many people drink beers and how many people drink a wine in their life. Youth Generation not drink a wine 18-24 aged represent only 6% of wine consumed. But there is different choice in the market to buy a wine and beers choice available. 2.3 Building Permits: Building permit is a permit required in most jurisdictions for new construction, or adding on to pre-existing structures, and in some cases for major renovations. Generally, the new construction must be inspected during construction and after completion to ensure compliance with national, regional, and local building codes. Failure to obtain a permit can result in significant fines and penalties, and even demolition of unauthorized construction if it cannot be made to meet code. Task 5 5.1 Internal Evaluation: Can have the meeting with the staff to find out the reason of the problem, give them the instructions to follow and perform the work in the correct way. External Evaluation: Have to identify the reason of sales which are going down at that stage and need to look for on the market position, Can take a professional assistance to find the reason of the problem and can take advice from professional finance advisor to find out the reason. 5.2 Decision making technique helps alot to choose the option to solve problem because while doing decision many factors come to be naked and we will get many option to solve a particular and we can also select most suitable solution for the problem. 5.2.1 Breakeven: The break-even is the point at which cost or expenses and revenue are equal: there is no net loss or gain, and one has broken even. A profit or a loss has not been made, although opportunity costs have been paid, and capital has received the risk-adjusted, expected return. 5.2.2 Decision tree: A decision tree is a decision support tool that uses a tree-like graph or model of decisions and their possible consequences, including chance event outcomes, resource costs, and utility. It is one way to display an algorithm. 5.2.3 Payoffs approach: In this technique we use cash flow scenarios to model the future. We can use that data which is already available in the company. 5.2.4 Professional assistance: In this we ask help for a professional who is not a member of our business he is expert assistance. 5.2.5 Group decision making: Conduct a meeting with all member of organization. Solve the problem on this meeting. Every member names and priority issues and ranks it’s according to the work. 5.2.6 Cultural consensus methods: Cultural knowledge is shared and systematically distributed. A good decision is one which has taken into the different culture of all the member of the group. 5.3 5.3.1 Maori- owned and operated business Cultural consensus method: In this method we can share their knowledge. A good decision is one which has taken into the different culture of all the member of the group. Group decision making: They conduct a meeting with all member of organization. Solve the problem on this meeting. Every member names and priority issues and ranks it’s according to the work. 5.4.1 Owners who cannot get out of their own way. They may be stubborn, risk adverse, conflict adverse meaning they need to be liked by everyone (even employees and vendors who cant do their jobs). They may be perfectionist, greedy, self-righteous, paranoid, indignant, or insecure. You know the problems but continue to make the same mistakes over and over. 5.4.2 Out-of-control growth. A successful business is ruined by over-expansion. This would include moving into markets that are not as profitable, experiencing growing pains that damage the business, or borrowing too much money in an attempt to keep growth at a particular rate. 5.4.3 Operational inefficiencies. Paying too much rent, labour, and materials. Not having the tenacity or stomach to negotiate terms that are reflective of todays economy may leave a company uncompetitive. 5.4.4 Dysfunctional management. Lack of focus, vision, planning, standards and everything are that goes in good management. Throw fighting partners or unhappy relatives into the mix, and the business is a disaster. 5.4.5 A declining market. The annual industry revenues are steadily declining because of the saturation of the market, the decrease in the market size, or the due to the introduction of a service, product or a technology from huge companies with more buying power and advertising dollars.

Abortion and the Moral Decay of America Essay -- Argumentative Persuas

Abortion and the Moral Decay of America    Abortion is a tough issue for our country to deal with. There are, on both sides of the argument, well-meaning and intelligent people - as well as the opposite. Despite the difficulty of this issue, it must be confronted, as it is simultaneously rooted in and influential towards the moral foundations and political ideals of America. As a concerned American and a pursuant of open-mindedness, I have reached the conclusion that abortion is a such a threat to America's public and private morals that it should be outlawed in all cases except for when the mother's physical health is seriously threatened. In order to support this conclusion, I intend to address and the pro-choice arguments as represented in the Planned Parenthood site Nine Reasons Abortion is Legal and other pro-choice Internet sites. I will refute their arguments as either misguided in their conclusions, inapplicable or insufficient to justify abortion. [Good introduction, though your paragraphing is a bit odd--why all the short paragraphs?   title of the PP site should be in quotations, both as it is given here and within parenthetical cites below. In general, it's best not to announce your intentions, but to "just do it."   Also, let me say that below I offer many points to counter your refutations--and I'm sure that has to do with the knowledge that you aren't arguing for your side of the argument. I probably wouldn't be as contentious if I thought these were your beliefs. ] One popular argument posed by choice advocates is that "legal abortion [is] critical to sustaining women's freedom" (Nine Reasons.) Outlawing abortion, the argument goes, inhibits a woman's ability to decide the paths her own life will take ... ...News On-line WHO HAS ABORTIONS. http://www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/19PIE.HTM. Date visited: March 7, 1997.    [Your in-text citations need to match the citations in the list. For example, "Abortion as Birth Control" is given in the parenthetical cite, but it is alphabetized as Planned Parenthood. Also, webpage titles need to go in quotation marks, both in the list cited and in the parenthetical citations. You present good refutations for many of the points made by Planned Parenthood's "Nine Reasons" site. The problems involve the supposition that the abortion option is particular to our society--and it isn't. Even primitive cultures often have identified plants that act as abortifacients. Your refutation might have been more effective if you had chosen a single claim to refute instead of nine claims. Still you have made a fine effort.]      

Dettol Antiseptic Liquid

INTRODUCTION * Dettol was first used in leading UK maternity hospital in the early 1930s. Shortly thereafter, in 1933, with the endorsement of medical profession, Dettol was launched to the general public. * Dettol is a brand of Reckitt Benckiser and has stood for its trusted production in India since 1930. * The brand is endorsed by the Indian Medical Association and has been voted among India's Most Trusted Brand in recent years. Reckitt Benckiser (India) Limited, formerly known as Reckitt ; Colman of India Limited, has many brands in India, namely â€Å"Dettol, Veet, Harpic, Mortein, Robin Blue, Cherry, Lizol, Colin, Dispirin, Brasso, Mansion and others. PRODUCTS PORTFOLIO * Antiseptic Liquid * Hand Sanitizer * Medicated Plaster * Saving Cream with fresh fragrance * Body Wash * Soap – Original, Skincare, Cool, and Re- Energize * Liquid Handwash- Original, Skincare, Sensitive and Fresh * No Touch Handwash- Original and Cucumber PRODUCTS UNDER BRANDPRODUCTS UNDER BRAND APPRO VED BY INDIAN MEADICAL ASSOCIATION ANTISEPTIC LIQUID DETTOL ANTISEPTIC LIQUID Dettol Antiseptic Liquid is a proven safe and effective antiseptic that kills various bacteria and provides protection against germs which can cause infection and illness. It can be used safely for gentle antiseptic wound cleansing and also for personal hygiene. Dettol Antiseptic Liquid gently cleanses the skin and helps protect against infection from cuts, scratches and insect bites by killing germs. Dettol Antiseptic Liquid can also be used n the wash to freshen linen and nappies and in the bath to leave skin feeling hygienically clean and refreshed (kids older than nine months). SALIENT FEATURES * Dettol Antiseptic Liquid is a product, which has many uses for protecting the family from germs. * Use with mopping water, to disinfect floors, completely. * Use in washing laundry to disinfect the clothes. * For first aid and personal care uses, Dettol Antiseptic Liquid must always be used, dilute in water. * Available in wide range of sizes from 5ml to 5 litre.PROS AND CONS OF DETTOL ANTISEPTIC LIQUID PROS: * Versatile * Disinfectant which kills bacteria and provides protection against germs. *   Dettol is use to cleanse cuts and stings. CONS: * Be careful how you use. * Toxic BUYING MOTIVE OF A CONSUMER * Emergency antiseptic product. * Secondary uses in the form of bathing, cleaning floor, and shaving. * Cuts and bruises healer. * Concentrated antiseptic disinfectant which kills bacteria and provides protection against germs. REFERENCES * www. google. com * www. dettol. co. in * www. wikipedia. com

Ethical Code Of Data Collection Essay

Ethical code is vital to any survey. Researchers today are obliged to follow the different ethical codes designed and guided by different institutions like government agencies, research agencies and marketing associations pertinent to the different countries, societies and communities. This is the first thing researchers should take into consideration while developing or designing research materials. There are ethical code enforcement bodies in almost all layers of our community from local institutions to the federal level, which has the power to control all the research related activities and their impact in the community. Research is highly affected and influenced by ethical codes. One of the major aims of the MRA (Marketing Research Association) ethical code is that while conducting research; researchers should not act in such a way that it violates the general public laws which will discredit people’s confidence against the entire research profession. The research code of ethics is there to establish guidelines and principles to maneuver researchers to achieve the goals and objectives in a socially acceptable manner. Therefore, Marketing Research Association code of ethics guides researchers in almost all layers of their work from their research design phase of the research to the communication of findings of the research to the concerned parties. Some of the principle elements of the MRA ethical codes include: 1. People or the community should be involved as major participants in the all facets of the research. 2. Researchers should get written permission from the people in the community which will be involved in the research project. 3. All the resources (information collected from the community) are direct  assets of that community and therefore researchers should communicate the findings of research to the community and those data should be returned to the community. 4. While publishing the research findings, the community or the people associated with the research should be involved in decision making process. 5. And finally, researchers should make sure that the partners of the research (community) have agreed to make information available to the publication. Above mentioned principles are the major pillars of the MRA ethical code of research. It provides the power to the community and provides the decision making ability to those who are the members or a part of the community. MRA ethical code of research has become a key guiding principle of any research activity. How researchers design their research depends upon MRA’s ethical codes of research, review, and regulation. Respect of the individual person’s or participant’s privacy is the key focus of the research code. It is the degree of control which research participants have over the researchers about their own information and how researchers deal with that information about participants. This code of ethics provides exclusive rights to the research participants about whether to participate in the research or not. In the next level, research code of ethics prioritized the maximization of the benefits of the research to the concerned partner, community or society. A survey result or the research does not always provide advantages or the benefits the community. Therefore, another ethical code of the researchers is to maximize the possible benefits of the research and minimize the harm of research or research findings to its participants or community. Researchers should always have a sense of justice towards its research. Researchers can never include all the members or elements of its target population, therefore while selecting the sample they should be non-discriminatory. By doing so, researchers not only do justice to the participants or the community but also maximize the chances of integrity of the research findings. Another important issue of the research ethical code is the confidentiality of the information provided by the research participants. Researchers are  liable to provide highest level confidentiality of the data towards the participants. MRA research code of ethics makes sure that researchers provides complete confidentiality to its research participants unless the respondent or the participants of the research themselves waives their confidentiality. Besides these basic ethical codes of data collection, researchers should not falsify or omit collected data for any reason during the data collection process. And before collecting the data researchers should specify the methods of data collection, time and date of data collection, sampling frame and method and sampling size and these predetermined methodologies are not subject to change without the permission of the research participants. Data collectors should not reveal the information about the client or sponsor to the participants during the data collection phase without proper authorization. If the respondent wants to know about the sponsor or the clients then the data collectors can only reveal the information only to respondent with the authorization to do so by the clients or sponsor. The data collectors are liable to protect the confidentiality regarding the business of the client without the express written consent of the client and without the necessary ground to do so. If the data collectors are conducting the secondary data collection then revealing the source of the data to their client is their prime responsibility and they should not present secondary data as primary data to their clients or sponsor. If a respondent wants to withdraw or refused to participate in the middle of the data collection process then the data collectors or the researchers have no right to coerce them or make the cooperation obligatory by threatening them with anything. Researchers or the data collectors should always respect and protect the right to participate and right not to participate in the research by the respondent at any time from beginning to the end of data collection. The result of the study or the collected data is the property of the clients or the sponsor therefore, researchers or the data collectors should not at any cost share the findings of the collected data to the third party without the pre-consent of the clients or sponsor. Researchers are liable to follow the standard ethical code of data collections coordinated and enforced by the agencies like Marketing Research Association and federal agencies. References Marketing Research Association (2012). Retrieved on October 5, 2014 from www.mra-net.org Malhotra, N. K. (2010). Marketing Research an Applied Orientation (Sixth ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.